Beginners' Page
by Gary Lincoff
| Photo | Books
| List of
Fungi for Beginners | Simple
keys for these lists | How
to use these keys |
| How to make a spore print
| Poisonous mushrooms & Look-alikes
| Classification/Taxonomy |
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Books:
Among currently available books, the best for use in the Northeast
are:
Arora, David. Mushrooms Demystified.
Its strengths are that it is fun to read, it is comprehensive, and it has
a lot of great photos.
Its weakness for Northeastern users is that its focus is on western North
America.
Bessette, Alan & Arleen, and David Fischer. Mushrooms of Northeastern
North America.
Its strengths are that its focus is on Northeastern North America, and
it includes lots of mushrooms, including many not in other guides.
Its weaknesses are that its arrangement is alphabetical by genus, that
many of these genera are not readily recognized in the field, and that
its photos, while many, are too small.
Lincoff, Gary. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American
Mushrooms.
Its strengths are that its focus is primarily on Northeastern North America,
that it is comprehensive, and that it has at least one photo for each of
700+ entries.
Its weaknesses are that the photos are separate from the text and that
the names on the photos are common names, rather than scientific names.
All three of these books have interesting, helpful, and different materials
in their appendices. It could help to use all three together.
Mushroom books are always available in bookstores, in libraries, and
on Internet sites, such as Amazon.com. One of the problems with these books,
however, is that even the best of them go out of print. But many out of
print books can be found at used book stores and by Internet book searches.
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List
of fungi found in Northeastern North America that every beginner should
know
100 gilled and 100 non-gilled mushrooms, with references to
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms
Gilled & Non-gilled Mushrooms
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Simple
keys to accompany this list
Key to gilled mushrooms
Key to non-gilled mushrooms
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How
to use the Keys — follow along on your printout of the Keys above:--
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Example 1: You have a white-spored gilled mushroom with a central stem.
Use the Key to gilled mushrooms, go to White-spored gilled mushrooms.
Go to 1. This tells you to go to 2.
Do you have a ring? If No, go to 5.
Run your finger nail across a few gills. If they ooze a milklike latex,
go to 6 and continue with LACTARIUS.
Example 2: You have a black-spored gilled mushroom:
Use the Key to gilled mushrooms, go to Purple-brown to black-spored
gilled mushrooms.
Go to 1. This tells you to go to 4.
Does the cap deliquesce, i.e., liquify into black ink? Try it: put
in into a sieve put over a bowl and wait a few hours. If it deliquesces,
the sieve will be empty and the bowl will have black ink, in which case
you know your mushroom is a Coprinus.
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How
to make a spore print:
Use white paper only, such as a 3 x 5" notecard; a white spore print
is easily seen as a white pattern on a white background. Cut off the stem
and put the mature mushroom or a section of it, gills or pores down, on
a piece of paper or index card. Or make a hole into the paper, large enough
for the stem, poke the stem through the hole, and put the card on top of
a glass or other container tall enough to hold the stem, and to hold the
paper with the mushroom lying flat on the paper. Do not disturb for a few
hours. Then lift the mushroom carefully and see the spores it left.
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Poisonous Mushrooms
in Northeastern North America and Look-alikes
If you are interested in edible mushrooms, you should study these first
of all!
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Classification
or Taxonomy for Fungi: -- up --
An example:
Kingdom: Fungi
Division (Phylum): Eumycota
Subdivision: Basidiomycotina
Class: Basidiomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Agaricus
Species: arvensis -- note that species names should be italicized
(they are in printed books) but on the computer screen they would be harder
to read so we are not italicizing them here.
A complete listing: Kingdom, Division (Phylum), Subdivision,
Class,
Order,
Family,
Tribe, Genus, Section,
Species, Sub-species, Variety, Form.
Mnemonic: King David Came Over From
Germany
Saturday.
A Little Latin Lesson: genus is singular, genera is plural; species
is both singular and plural.
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Last revised: May 2004 -- Main
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